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[title] => Problémy s platničkami môžu pripomínať infarkt. Väčšinou dokáže pomôcť fyzioterapia
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Pri narušení platničky dochádza k vytláčaniu rôsolovitého jadra, ktoré sa nachádza v strede platničky, miechové nervy sa stláčajú, čo spôsobuje bolesť. „Je to ako zubná pasta. Keď z jednej strany tlačíte, z druhej niečo vychádza. Presne to sa deje aj s platničkou. Ak sa na jednej strane stavce priblížia k sebe, na druhej strane sa bude tá platnička vysúvať,“ vysvetľuje fyzioterapeutka Helena Škultétyová zo súkromného zdravotníckeho centra Hippokrates v podcaste Zdravé reči.
Postihnutý býva najmä krk a driek
Poškodené platničky môžu sprevádzať široké spektrum príznakov. Najčastejšie ide o prudkú a intenzívnu bolesť vystreľujúcu do rôznych častí tela. V niektorých prípadoch môže pripomínať aj infarkt.
„Závisí to od miesta aj závažnosti poškodenia platničky. Najčastejšie vzniká bolesť v krčnej a driekovej oblasti,“ hovorí fyzioterapeutka s tým, že pri útlaku nervu v krčnej oblasti vznikajú bolesti v oblasti šije, ale aj medzi lopatkami. Bolesť sa môže šíriť do ramena, do predlaktia až do prstov.
„Bolesť pacienti charakterizujú ako ostrú, pálivú, elektrizujúcu, ktorá môže prísť náhle, ale môže sa vyvíjať aj pozvoľna,“ dodáva s tým, že môžu byť prítomné aj tŕpnutie, drobné pichanie či svalová slabosť. Pri krčnej chrbtici vzniká bolesť pri rotácii či záklone hlavy.
Pokiaľ je podľa fyzioterapeutky nerv stlačený v driekovej oblasti, bolesti sa objavujú v krížoch, neskôr sa presúvajú do dolných končatín. „Bolieť môžu bedrové kĺby, stehná, lýtka, chodidlá, niekedy vystreľuje aj do prstov,“ uvádza s tým, že môže byť prítomná znížená citlivosť, tŕpnutie, svalová slabosť. Bolesti zvýrazňujú aj predklon trupu, kýchanie či kašľanie.
Nesprávne zaťažovanie
Dôvodom, prečo dochádza k narušeniu platničky, je podľa fyzioterapeutky Škultétyovej viacero. „Dochádza k tomu pri nadmernej jednorazovej záťaži chrbtice alebo aj následkom úrazu či pádu. Tiež sa môžu platničky vysúvať nesprávnym či dlhodobým sedením, pri športe, v práci, v záhrade aj nesprávnymi pohybovými stereotypmi,“ hovorí.
Ako sa zisťuje problém?
Vždy, keď sa vyskytnú takéto problémy, treba podľa Škultétyovej navštíviť neurológa, ktorý na základe vyšetrenia stanoví diagnózu a určí vhodnú terapiu. Liečba prebieha formou liekov aj fyzioterapie. V akútnom štádiu pomáha aj elektroliečba, ktorá má vysoký analgetický účinok.
„Neurológ urči, či bolesť spôsobuje stlačený nerv alebo či ide o bolesť spôsobenú zvýšeným svalovým napätím. Ak lekár uzná za vhodné, odporučí pacienta na vyšetrenie magnetickou rezonanciou,“ vysvetľuje Škultétyová. Tá je podľa nej ideálna na zobrazenie stavu mäkkých štruktúr, ktoré medzistavcové platničky sú.
Pomáha cvičenie
Cvičenie dokáže podľa fyzioterapeutky pomôcť v drvivej väčšine pacientov s vysunutými platničkami. „Cvičením dokonca viete predísť operácii. Ideálne je, ak pacient ovláda uvoľňovacie cvičenia, ale aj cvičenia na posilňovanie hlbokého stabilizačného systému,“ vysvetľuje.
Vhodné sú pilatesové cviky, ktoré slúžia na posilnenie svalstva, uvoľňovacie cviky zamerané na preťažované svaly. Vhodná je aj metodika SM systém, pri ktorej sa cvičí s elastickým lanom.
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Problémy s platničkami trápia množstvo Slovákov.
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Pri narušení platničky dochádza k vytláčaniu rôsolovitého jadra, ktoré sa nachádza v strede platničky, miechové nervy sa stláčajú, čo spôsobuje bolesť. „Je to ako zubná pasta. Keď z jednej strany tlačíte, z druhej niečo vychádza. Presne to sa deje aj s platničkou. Ak sa na jednej strane stavce priblížia k sebe, na druhej strane sa bude tá platnička vysúvať,“ vysvetľuje fyzioterapeutka Helena Škultétyová zo súkromného zdravotníckeho centra Hippokrates v podcaste Zdravé reči.
Postihnutý býva najmä krk a driek
Poškodené platničky môžu sprevádzať široké spektrum príznakov. Najčastejšie ide o prudkú a intenzívnu bolesť vystreľujúcu do rôznych častí tela. V niektorých prípadoch môže pripomínať aj infarkt.
„Závisí to od miesta aj závažnosti poškodenia platničky. Najčastejšie vzniká bolesť v krčnej a driekovej oblasti,“ hovorí fyzioterapeutka s tým, že pri útlaku nervu v krčnej oblasti vznikajú bolesti v oblasti šije, ale aj medzi lopatkami. Bolesť sa môže šíriť do ramena, do predlaktia až do prstov.
„Bolesť pacienti charakterizujú ako ostrú, pálivú, elektrizujúcu, ktorá môže prísť náhle, ale môže sa vyvíjať aj pozvoľna,“ dodáva s tým, že môžu byť prítomné aj tŕpnutie, drobné pichanie či svalová slabosť. Pri krčnej chrbtici vzniká bolesť pri rotácii či záklone hlavy.
Pokiaľ je podľa fyzioterapeutky nerv stlačený v driekovej oblasti, bolesti sa objavujú v krížoch, neskôr sa presúvajú do dolných končatín. „Bolieť môžu bedrové kĺby, stehná, lýtka, chodidlá, niekedy vystreľuje aj do prstov,“ uvádza s tým, že môže byť prítomná znížená citlivosť, tŕpnutie, svalová slabosť. Bolesti zvýrazňujú aj predklon trupu, kýchanie či kašľanie.
Nesprávne zaťažovanie
Dôvodom, prečo dochádza k narušeniu platničky, je podľa fyzioterapeutky Škultétyovej viacero. „Dochádza k tomu pri nadmernej jednorazovej záťaži chrbtice alebo aj následkom úrazu či pádu. Tiež sa môžu platničky vysúvať nesprávnym či dlhodobým sedením, pri športe, v práci, v záhrade aj nesprávnymi pohybovými stereotypmi,“ hovorí.
Ako sa zisťuje problém?
Vždy, keď sa vyskytnú takéto problémy, treba podľa Škultétyovej navštíviť neurológa, ktorý na základe vyšetrenia stanoví diagnózu a určí vhodnú terapiu. Liečba prebieha formou liekov aj fyzioterapie. V akútnom štádiu pomáha aj elektroliečba, ktorá má vysoký analgetický účinok.
„Neurológ urči, či bolesť spôsobuje stlačený nerv alebo či ide o bolesť spôsobenú zvýšeným svalovým napätím. Ak lekár uzná za vhodné, odporučí pacienta na vyšetrenie magnetickou rezonanciou,“ vysvetľuje Škultétyová. Tá je podľa nej ideálna na zobrazenie stavu mäkkých štruktúr, ktoré medzistavcové platničky sú.
Pomáha cvičenie
Cvičenie dokáže podľa fyzioterapeutky pomôcť v drvivej väčšine pacientov s vysunutými platničkami. „Cvičením dokonca viete predísť operácii. Ideálne je, ak pacient ovláda uvoľňovacie cvičenia, ale aj cvičenia na posilňovanie hlbokého stabilizačného systému,“ vysvetľuje.
Vhodné sú pilatesové cviky, ktoré slúžia na posilnenie svalstva, uvoľňovacie cviky zamerané na preťažované svaly. Vhodná je aj metodika SM systém, pri ktorej sa cvičí s elastickým lanom.
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29. január 2026 04:01